Andy luvs V6s
New Member
How does it work and what does it do?
Thought i would copy James' idea of making pointless but useful threads
Thought i would copy James' idea of making pointless but useful threads
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LSD
- Thread starter Andy luvs V6s
- Start date
(LSD) is a modified or derived type of differential gear arrangement that allows for some difference in rotational velocity of the output shafts, but does not allow the difference in speed to increase beyond a preset amount. In an automobile, even one driven by a cheeky wee 13 ¾ year old, such limited slip differentials are sometimes used in place of a standard differential, where they convey certain dynamic advantages, at the expense of greater complexity.
The main advantage of a limited slip differential is found by considering the case of a standard (or "open") differential where one wheel has no contact with the ground at all. In such a case, the contacting wheel will remain stationary, and the non-contacting wheel will rotate at twice its intended velocity – the torque transmitted will be equal at both wheels, but will not exceed the threshold of torque needed to move the vehicle, thus the vehicle will remain stationary. In everyday use on typical roads, such a situation is very unlikely, and so a normal differential suffices. For more demanding use however, such as driving off-road, or for high performance vehicles, such a state of affairs is undesirable, and the LSD can be employed to deal with it. By limiting the velocity difference between a pair of driven wheels, useful torque can be transmitted as long as there is some friction available on at least one of the wheels.
The main advantage of a limited slip differential is found by considering the case of a standard (or "open") differential where one wheel has no contact with the ground at all. In such a case, the contacting wheel will remain stationary, and the non-contacting wheel will rotate at twice its intended velocity – the torque transmitted will be equal at both wheels, but will not exceed the threshold of torque needed to move the vehicle, thus the vehicle will remain stationary. In everyday use on typical roads, such a situation is very unlikely, and so a normal differential suffices. For more demanding use however, such as driving off-road, or for high performance vehicles, such a state of affairs is undesirable, and the LSD can be employed to deal with it. By limiting the velocity difference between a pair of driven wheels, useful torque can be transmitted as long as there is some friction available on at least one of the wheels.
An LSD is basically a torque splitting device ...
They essentially improve traction. So in situations where one wheel has less grip or tries to spin, some of the torque (or drive) is directed or 'split' to the wheel with more grip. This can be fun if both wheels have little grip as you get torque steering effects (in FWD cars anyway) i.e. a battle between both wheels grabbing grip back and forth.
You can substitute wheel for axle in the above description as LSD's are common, and pretty essential, in 4WD cars at least in the centr diff to split torque between front and rear axles. Also 4wd cars have 3 diffs, normally the centre and rear being LSD types - though some 4wd cars actually have LSD type diffs for all 3 (mainly rally cars).
My Celica GT4 has a Torsen diff at the back and a viscous diff in the middle and NO fancy electronics to control em
Oh and in particular, they stop you going into the hedge on the outside of a bend in a FWD car, by reducing understeer
Martin
They essentially improve traction. So in situations where one wheel has less grip or tries to spin, some of the torque (or drive) is directed or 'split' to the wheel with more grip. This can be fun if both wheels have little grip as you get torque steering effects (in FWD cars anyway) i.e. a battle between both wheels grabbing grip back and forth.
You can substitute wheel for axle in the above description as LSD's are common, and pretty essential, in 4WD cars at least in the centr diff to split torque between front and rear axles. Also 4wd cars have 3 diffs, normally the centre and rear being LSD types - though some 4wd cars actually have LSD type diffs for all 3 (mainly rally cars).
My Celica GT4 has a Torsen diff at the back and a viscous diff in the middle and NO fancy electronics to control em
Oh and in particular, they stop you going into the hedge on the outside of a bend in a FWD car, by reducing understeer
Martin
Andy luvs V6s
New Member
DennisV6":2h1bj8t9 said:Andy luvs V6s":2h1bj8t9 said:How does it work and what does it do?
Thought i would copy James' idea of making spamming but useful threads
and your post wasn't spam? :wink:
James' post was a little more complicated than k1ano's but thanks to both of you for clearing it up
At least now if someone on Renaultsport asks what an lsd is i can embarrass them :lol:
Here is a 'good reading' link on LSD types and their use in 4wd systems and rally cars.
http://www.rallycars.com/Cars/4wd_turbo_cars.html
Martin
http://www.rallycars.com/Cars/4wd_turbo_cars.html
Martin
And a good article FWD v FWD v 4WD handling dynamics. I found this really useful a few years back.
http://www.rallycars.com/Cars/4wd_turbo_cars1.html
Martin
http://www.rallycars.com/Cars/4wd_turbo_cars1.html
Martin
A
Anonymous
LSD (lysergic acid diethylamide) is one of the major drugs making up the hallucinogen class of drugs. Hallucinogens cause hallucinations—profound distortions in a person’s perception of reality. Hallucinogens cause their effects by disrupting the interaction of nerve cells and the neurotransmitter serotonin. Distributed throughout the brain and spinal cord, the serotonin system is involved in the control of behavioral, perceptual, and regulatory systems, including mood, hunger, body temperature, sexual behavior, muscle control, and sensory perception.
Under the influence of hallucinogens, people see images, hear sounds, and feel sensations that seem real but do not exist. Some hallucinogens also produce rapid, intense emotional swings. One of the most potent mood-changing chemicals, LSD, was discovered in 1938 and is manufactured from lysergic acid, which is found in ergot, a fungus that grows on rye and other grains.
Health Hazards
The effects of LSD are unpredictable. They depend on the amount taken; the user's personality, mood, and expectations; and the surroundings in which the drug is used. Usually, the user feels the first effects of the drug 30 to 90 minutes after taking it. The physical effects include dilated pupils, higher body temperature, increased heart rate and blood pressure, sweating, loss of appetite, sleeplessness, dry mouth, and tremors.
Sensations and feelings change much more dramatically than the physical signs. The user may feel several different emotions at once or swing rapidly from one emotion to another. If taken in a large enough dose, the drug produces delusions and visual hallucinations. The user’s sense of time and self changes. Sensations may seem to "cross over," giving the user the feeling of hearing colors and seeing sounds. These changes can be frightening and can cause panic.
Users refer to their experience with LSD as a "trip" and to acute adverse reactions as a "bad trip." These experiences are long; typically they begin to clear after about 12 hours.
Some LSD users experience severe, terrifying thoughts and feelings, fear of losing control, fear of insanity and death, and despair while using LSD. Some fatal accidents have occurred during states of LSD intoxication.
Many LSD users experience flashbacks, recurrence of certain aspects of a person's experience, without the user having taken the drug again. A flashback occurs suddenly, often without warning, and may occur within a few days or more than a year after LSD use. Flashbacks usually occur in people who use hallucinogens chronically or have an underlying personality problem; however, otherwise healthy people who use LSD occasionally may also have flashbacks. Bad trips and flashbacks are only part of the risks of LSD use. LSD users may manifest relatively long-lasting psychoses, such as schizophrenia or severe depression. It is difficult to determine the extent and mechanism of the LSD involvement in these illnesses.
Most users of LSD voluntarily decrease or stop its use over time. LSD is not considered an addictive drug since it does not produce compulsive drug-seeking behavior, as do cocaine, amphetamine, heroin, alcohol, and nicotine. However, like many of the addictive drugs, LSD produces tolerance, so some users who take the drug repeatedly must take progressively higher doses to achieve the state of intoxication that they had previously achieved. This is an extremely dangerous practice, given the unpredictability of the drug.
Extent of Use
Monitoring the Future (MTF) Survey*
Lifetime** use dropped significantly among 12th-graders from 2004 to 2005, while annual and 30-day use remained stable. (Also see the InfoFacts on High School and Youth Trends.) Perceived availability of the drug fell among 12th-graders for this same period.
LSD Use by Students, 2005:
Monitoring the Future Survey
8th-Graders 10th-Graders 12th-Graders
Lifetime 1.9% 2.5% 3.5%
Annual 1.2 1.5 1.8
30-Day 0.5 0.6 0.7
National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH)***
NSDUH data show decreases in annual use of LSD from 2002 to 2004. In 2004, 9.7 percent of Americans aged 12 and older reported using LSD at least once in their lifetimes, 0.2 percent had used it in the past year, and 0.1 percent used in the past month. Lifetime use declined significantly from 2003 to 2004 among persons aged 12 to 17 and 18 to 25.
Under the influence of hallucinogens, people see images, hear sounds, and feel sensations that seem real but do not exist. Some hallucinogens also produce rapid, intense emotional swings. One of the most potent mood-changing chemicals, LSD, was discovered in 1938 and is manufactured from lysergic acid, which is found in ergot, a fungus that grows on rye and other grains.
Health Hazards
The effects of LSD are unpredictable. They depend on the amount taken; the user's personality, mood, and expectations; and the surroundings in which the drug is used. Usually, the user feels the first effects of the drug 30 to 90 minutes after taking it. The physical effects include dilated pupils, higher body temperature, increased heart rate and blood pressure, sweating, loss of appetite, sleeplessness, dry mouth, and tremors.
Sensations and feelings change much more dramatically than the physical signs. The user may feel several different emotions at once or swing rapidly from one emotion to another. If taken in a large enough dose, the drug produces delusions and visual hallucinations. The user’s sense of time and self changes. Sensations may seem to "cross over," giving the user the feeling of hearing colors and seeing sounds. These changes can be frightening and can cause panic.
Users refer to their experience with LSD as a "trip" and to acute adverse reactions as a "bad trip." These experiences are long; typically they begin to clear after about 12 hours.
Some LSD users experience severe, terrifying thoughts and feelings, fear of losing control, fear of insanity and death, and despair while using LSD. Some fatal accidents have occurred during states of LSD intoxication.
Many LSD users experience flashbacks, recurrence of certain aspects of a person's experience, without the user having taken the drug again. A flashback occurs suddenly, often without warning, and may occur within a few days or more than a year after LSD use. Flashbacks usually occur in people who use hallucinogens chronically or have an underlying personality problem; however, otherwise healthy people who use LSD occasionally may also have flashbacks. Bad trips and flashbacks are only part of the risks of LSD use. LSD users may manifest relatively long-lasting psychoses, such as schizophrenia or severe depression. It is difficult to determine the extent and mechanism of the LSD involvement in these illnesses.
Most users of LSD voluntarily decrease or stop its use over time. LSD is not considered an addictive drug since it does not produce compulsive drug-seeking behavior, as do cocaine, amphetamine, heroin, alcohol, and nicotine. However, like many of the addictive drugs, LSD produces tolerance, so some users who take the drug repeatedly must take progressively higher doses to achieve the state of intoxication that they had previously achieved. This is an extremely dangerous practice, given the unpredictability of the drug.
Extent of Use
Monitoring the Future (MTF) Survey*
Lifetime** use dropped significantly among 12th-graders from 2004 to 2005, while annual and 30-day use remained stable. (Also see the InfoFacts on High School and Youth Trends.) Perceived availability of the drug fell among 12th-graders for this same period.
LSD Use by Students, 2005:
Monitoring the Future Survey
8th-Graders 10th-Graders 12th-Graders
Lifetime 1.9% 2.5% 3.5%
Annual 1.2 1.5 1.8
30-Day 0.5 0.6 0.7
National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH)***
NSDUH data show decreases in annual use of LSD from 2002 to 2004. In 2004, 9.7 percent of Americans aged 12 and older reported using LSD at least once in their lifetimes, 0.2 percent had used it in the past year, and 0.1 percent used in the past month. Lifetime use declined significantly from 2003 to 2004 among persons aged 12 to 17 and 18 to 25.
Andy luvs V6s
New Member
i think gordan is having a disturbed day...posting pictures of rats with their guts spread everywhere and now explaining what the effects of drugs are...
:lol:
:lol:
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